Homework: Open Classes

Section 5.9 Homework: Open Classes

Subsection 5.9.1 Word Class Identification

Instructions.

For each underlined word, identify its part of speech (noun, verb, adjective, or adverb) using at least one morphological or syntactic test from the chapter. State which test you used.

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Example (completed).

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Word: carefully in “She carefully reviewed the document.”

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Part of speech: Adverb

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Test used: The -ly suffix test. “Carefully” is formed by adding -ly to the adjective “careful”, which is a reliable pattern for adverbs. Additionally, it modifies the verb “reviewed”, telling us how she reviewed.

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Exercises.

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Exercise 1. The development of new technology takes time.

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Part of speech:
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Test used:
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Exercise 2. She quickly solved the problem.

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Part of speech:
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Test used:
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Exercise 3. The beautiful garden attracted visitors.

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Part of speech:
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Test used:
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Exercise 4. The committee will investigate the matter.

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Part of speech:
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Test used:
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Exercise 5. His response was surprisingly confident.

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Part of speech:
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Test used:
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Subsection 5.9.2 Phrase Identification

Instructions.

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For each phrase below, identify: (1) the headword, and (2) the phrase type (NP, VP, AdjP, or AdvP).

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Example (completed).

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Phrase: the old wooden bridge

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Headword: bridge (the noun that the phrase is built around)

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Phrase type: Noun Phrase (NP)

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Exercises.

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Exercise 6. very carefully

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Headword:
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Phrase type:
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Exercise 7. read the entire chapter

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Headword:
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Phrase type:
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Exercise 8. extremely proud

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Headword:
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Phrase type:
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Exercise 9. my sister’s new apartment

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Headword:
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Phrase type:
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Exercise 10. gave her the news

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Headword:
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Phrase type:
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Subsection 5.9.3 Phrase Replacement

Instructions.

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In each sentence below, find the phrase of the specified type, then rewrite the sentence replacing that phrase with a different phrase of the same type. Your replacement should change the meaning while keeping the sentence grammatical.

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Example (completed).

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Sentence: The young scientist discovered a new element.

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Find and replace: The NP that serves as subject

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Original NP: The young scientist

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Revised sentence: My neighbor’s curious daughter discovered a new element.

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Exercises.

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Exercise 11. The committee reviewed the lengthy proposal.

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Find and replace: The NP that serves as object (after the verb)
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Original NP:
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Revised sentence:
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Exercise 12. She seemed extremely confident during the interview.

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Find and replace: The AdjP (adjective phrase)
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Original AdjP:
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Revised sentence:
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Exercise 13. The dog barked quite loudly at the mail carrier.

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Find and replace: The AdvP (adverb phrase)
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Original AdvP:
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Revised sentence:
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Exercise 14. The talented musician plays the guitar.

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Find and replace: The VP (verb phrase—includes the verb and everything that follows it)
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Original VP:
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Revised sentence:
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Subsection 5.9.4 Diagramming Open-Class Words

Instructions.

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For each sentence, complete the labeling table (Role, Phrase, Word, POS), write the bracket notation, and draw a tree diagram. Focus on identifying nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs in their phrase contexts.

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Example (completed).

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The cat slept.

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Role	Subj		Pred
Phrase	NP		VP
Word	The	cat	slept
POS	DET	N	V

Multi-level labeling table for "The cat slept"

Bracket notation: [S [NP [DET The] [N cat]] [VP [V slept]]]

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Exercises.

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Exercise 15. The tall girl runs quickly.

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Role
Phrase
Word	The	tall	girl	runs	quickly
POS

Bracket notation: _____
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Diagram:
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Exercise 16. Heavy rain fell suddenly.

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Role
Phrase
Word	Heavy	rain	fell	suddenly
POS

Bracket notation: _____
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Diagram:
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Exercise 17. The young artist painted beautifully.

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Role
Phrase
Word	The	young	artist	painted	beautifully
POS

Bracket notation: _____
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Diagram:
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Exercise 18. Small birds sing loudly.

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Role
Phrase
Word	Small	birds	sing	loudly
POS

Bracket notation: _____
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Diagram:
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Exercise 19. The clever student solved the difficult problem easily.

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Role
Phrase
Word	The	clever	student	solved	the	difficult	problem	easily
POS

Bracket notation: _____
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Diagram:
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Subsection 5.9.5 Word Class Transformations

Instructions.

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The sentences below express similar ideas, but each uses a different form of the root word create. For each sentence, identify the part of speech of the underlined word, explain which test(s) you used to identify it, and then answer the reflection questions at the end.

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Sentences.

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A. The artist’s creation amazed the critics.

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B. The artist created something amazing.

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C. The artist is highly creative.

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D. The artist works creatively.

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Exercises.

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Exercise 21. Sentence A: creation

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Part of speech:
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Test(s) used to identify it:
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Exercise 22. Sentence B: created

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Part of speech:
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Test(s) used to identify it:
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Exercise 23. Sentence C: creative

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Part of speech:
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Test(s) used to identify it:
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Exercise 24. Sentence D: creatively

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Part of speech:
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Test(s) used to identify it:
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Reflection.

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Exercise 25. All four sentences communicate something about an artist making things. Compare them:

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a. Which sentence feels clearest or most direct to you? Why?
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b. What does each version emphasize? (For instance, does one focus more on the product? The process? The person?)
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c. In what writing situation might you choose one version over another?
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Total estimated time: 35-45 minutes

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