Section 20.2 Formal vs. Informal Register
Of all the register distinctions English speakers navigate, the most consequential for academic and professional life is the contrast between formal and informal register. These are not simply two points on a dial—they differ systematically across vocabulary, grammar, and style. Knowing what those differences are, and why they exist, helps you move between contexts deliberately rather than by accident.
Formal Register.
Formal register is characterized by:
Vocabulary:
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Latinate words: comprehend (not get), utilize (not use)
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Complete forms: cannot (not can’t), do not (not don’t)
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Specialized terminology when appropriate
Grammar:
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Complete sentences
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Standard grammar throughout
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Passive voice more common
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Avoidance of colloquialisms and slang
Style:
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Objective tone
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Impersonal constructions (It is believed...)
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Careful hedging (may, might, appears to)
Example:
The committee has determined that the proposed modifications are unacceptable. Consequently, the proposal will not be approved at this time.
Informal Register.
Informal register is characterized by:
Vocabulary:
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Common words: get, use, thing
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Contractions: can’t, don’t, won’t
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Colloquialisms and slang (where appropriate)
Grammar:
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May include fragments
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Coordinated sentences more than complex
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Active voice predominates
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First and second person common
Style:
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Personal tone
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Direct address
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Conversational features
Example:
The committee said no. They didn’t like the changes, so the proposal’s not going through.
