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Glossary 7.10 Glossary
- Bottom-up analysis.
An approach to sentence analysis that starts by labeling individual words’ parts of speech, then groups them into phrases, then builds up to S.
- Complement.
An element that completes the meaning of a head; often required by the head. Includes subject complements after linking verbs.
- Constituent.
A word or group of words that functions as a structural unit.
- Dominance.
The relationship in a tree where a higher node contains lower nodes.
- Garden-path sentence.
A sentence that leads the reader toward one structural interpretation before revealing that a different structure was intended.
- Head.
The central, obligatory element of a phrase that determines its category.
- Modifier.
An optional element that adds information about a head.
- Node.
A labeled point in a tree diagram representing a word or phrase category.
- Object.
A noun phrase in the verb phrase that receives the action or is affected by the verb; a type of complement.
- Sentence labeling table.
An analytical tool that displays a sentence’s words in columns with rows for Role, Phrase, Word, and Part of Speech.
- Structural ambiguity.
A situation where a sentence has multiple possible structures, each with a different meaning.
- Top-down analysis.
An approach to sentence analysis that starts by dividing S into NP + VP, then progressively analyzes smaller units.
- Tree diagram.
A visual representation of sentence structure showing hierarchical relationships between constituents.
