Diagram Examples

Section 7.9 Diagram Examples

This section provides reference diagrams for the sentence structures introduced in this chapter. Use these as models when learning to read, interpret, and construct tree diagrams.

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Subsection 7.9.1 Basic Sentence Structure

7.9.1 A: Abstract S → NP + VP template.

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Abstract syntax tree showing S branching to NP and VP

[S [NP] [VP]]

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7.9.1 B: Simplest sentence (bare N + V).

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Multi-level labeling table for "Thunder rumbled"

Syntax tree for "Thunder rumbled" showing S with NP containing N and VP containing V

[S [NP [N Thunder]] [VP [V rumbled]]]

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7.9.1 C: Sentence with DET.

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Multi-level labeling table for "The dog barked"

Syntax tree for "The dog barked" showing NP with DET and N, VP with V

[S [NP [DET The] [N dog]] [VP [V barked]]]

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7.9.1 D: Transitive sentence.

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Multi-level labeling table for "The cat chased the mouse"

Syntax tree for "The cat chased the mouse" showing transitive structure

[S [NP [DET The] [N cat]] [VP [V chased] [NP [DET the] [N mouse]]]]

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Subsection 7.9.2 Sentences with Modifiers

7.9.2 A: Sentence with ADJ and ADV modifiers.

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Multi-level labeling table for "The old man sat quietly"

Syntax tree for "The old man sat quietly" with ADJP and ADVP modifiers

[S [NP [DET The] [ADJP [ADJ old]] [N man]] [VP [V sat] [ADVP [ADV quietly]]]]

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7.9.2 B: Complex sentence with PP modifier.

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Multi-level labeling table for "The young artist from Paris painted beautiful landscapes"

Syntax tree for "The young artist from Paris painted beautiful landscapes"

[S [NP [DET The] [ADJP [ADJ young]] [N artist] [PP [PREP from] [NP [N Paris]]]] [VP [V painted] [NP [ADJP [ADJ beautiful]] [N landscapes]]]]

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Subsection 7.9.3 Structural Ambiguity

7.9.3 A: VP attachment (PP modifies VP).

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Multi-level labeling table for "saw the man with binoculars"

Syntax tree for "I saw the man with binoculars" with PP attached to VP

[S [NP [PRON I]] [VP [V saw] [NP [DET the] [N man]] [PP [PREP with] [NP [N binoculars]]]]]

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7.9.3 B: NP attachment (PP modifies NP).

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Syntax tree for "I saw the man with binoculars" with PP attached to NP

[S [NP [PRON I]] [VP [V saw] [NP [DET the] [N man] [PP [PREP with] [NP [N binoculars]]]]]]

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