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Glossary 15.13 Glossary
- Close punctuation.
A punctuation style that uses marks wherever the rules allow; favored in academic and legal writing.
- Comma splice.
The error of joining independent clauses with only a comma and no conjunction.
- Nonrestrictive element.
A modifier that adds extra information about an already-identified referent; set off with commas.
- Open punctuation.
A punctuation style that uses the minimum marks needed for clarity; common in journalism.
- Oxford comma.
The comma before
and in a series of three or more items.
- Parenthetical.
Any word, phrase, or clause inserted into a sentence as supplementary information that can be removed without affecting grammatical completeness.
- Restrictive element.
A modifier essential for identifying the referent; not set off with commas.
- Terminal punctuation.
Punctuation that ends sentences: period, question mark, exclamation point.
